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Sukraloza

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Skeletna formula sukraloze.

Sukraloza je neenergijsko, visoko intenzivno sintetično sladilo. Je 600-krat slajša od saharoze[1]. V evropskem sistemu označevanja aditivov s števili E ima kodo E955.

Odkritje

Odkrili so jo leta 1976 v podjetju Tate&Lyle, v sodelovanju z raziskovalcema Lesliejem Houghom in Shashikantom Phadnisom iz kolidža Queen Elizabeth College.[2] Med Lesliejem Houghom in njegovim pomočnikom, tujim študentom Shashikantom Phadnisom, je prišlo do nesporazuma. Phadnis je nepravilno upošteval navodila profesorja Hougha in namesto, da bi snov preizkusil (angl. to test), jo je okusil (to taste). Ko je snov okusil, je ugotovil, da je izjemno sladka. Nato so znanstveniki še izpopolnili formulo in sukraloza se je začela počasi uveljavljati po svetu. Danes se prodaja pod tržnim imenom Splenda.

Kemijska zgradba in pridobivanje

V bistvu gre za saharozo, ki ima tri hidroksilne skupine zamenjane s tremi klorovimi ioni. Njeno IUPAC-ime je 1,6-dikloro-1,6-dideoksi-b-D-fruktofuranozil-4-kloro-4-deoksi-a-D-galaktopiranozid. Njena molekulska masa znaša 397,64.

Lastnosti in uporaba

Sukraloza je bel kristaliničen prašek. Ker je termostabilna spojina, se lahko uporablja pri pečenju. Trije klorovi ioni naj bi bili inertni, a to še raziskujejo. Ima prijetno sladek okus in se dobro topi v vodi. Ne povzroča zobne gnilobe.[3]. V telesu se ne absorbira, ampak se nespremenjena izloča skozi ledvice.

Uporabljajo jo lahko tudi sladkorni bolniki.

Izvedenih je bilo že več kot 100 študij o sukralozi. Vse so pokazale, da sukraloza nima nobenih mutagenihteratogenihkarcinogenih ali nevrotoksičnih učinkov in da ne vpliva na sposobnost reprodukcije.[4] Najprej so jo odobrili v Kanadi, nato v Avstraliji, Novi Zelandiji, ZDA, EU. Sedaj ima dovoljenje za uporabo že v več kot 80-ih državah.[navedi vir]

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